![]() ![]() Therefore, a great potential exists for obtaining lithium from aqueous sources, if an efficient lithium recovery technology can be developed. Nonetheless, more than 60% of the total lithium amount exists in sea water and brines. Currently, the former is well exploited while the latter is being developed by industries with relatively low efficiency. Generally, lithium is obtained from two major resources: the lithium mineral ores including spodumene and petalite ores and the containing‐lithium brine resources including seawater, underground water and salt lake brine. Lithium reserves are mainly distributed in South America, China, and Australia. ![]() The global lithium reserve is estimated at 14.0 megatons, which is 74.5 megatons of lithium carbonate equivalent. Brines and high‐grade lithium ores are the present sources for all commercial lithium production. Economic concentrations of lithium are found in brines, minerals, and clays in various parts of the world. Lithium naturally occurs in compound forms because of its high reactivity. Consequently, the market demands for lithium resources are increasing around the world. Lithium is a critical energy material and a strategic resource for the twenty‐first century. Lithium is the lightest alkali metal, which plays a growing role in numerous processes such as rechargeable batteries, thermonuclear fusion, medical drugs, lubricant greases, ceramic, glasses, dyes, adhesives, and electrode welding. ![]()
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